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Ester: A Key Functional Group with Diverse Chemical Applications
In chemistry, an ester is a compound derived from an acid (either organic or inorganic) in which at least one hydroxyl (-OH) group is replaced by an alkoxy (-OR') group. The most common esters are those derived from carboxylic acids and alcohols, having the general formula RCOOR', where R and R' are organic groups. Esters are characterized by a distinctive functional group containing a carbonyl (C=O) directly linked to an oxygen atom that is then connected to another carbon atom.
Esters typically exhibit several key chemical and physical properties. Low molecular weight esters often have pleasant, fruity odors, making them widely used as fragrances and flavorings. They are generally less polar than alcohols but more polar than ethers, allowing them to act as good solvents for a broad range of organic compounds, including plastics, resins, and lacquers. Unlike alcohols, they cannot act as hydrogen-bond donors, which contributes to their higher…